Present Perfect Tense (PPT)

(+) Sean has eaten "mie ayam" twice this morning.
(-) Sean hasn't eaten "mie ayam" twice this morning.
(?) Has sean eaten "mie ayam" twice this morning?

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Present Perfect Tense is a grammatical combination of the present tense and the perfect.

The Pattern Are:
                             Verbal
(+) Subject + has/have + verb3 (past participle)
(-) Subject + has/have + not + verb3 (past participle)
(?) Has/Have + subject + verb3 (past participle)?

                           Non-verbal
(+) Subject + has/have + been + complement
(-) Subject + has/have + not + been + complement
(?) Has/Have + subject + been + complement?

Note : Has = he, she, it & Have = I, you, we, they

In present perfect tense, used verb 3 or past participle. Same like generally, the verb divided two kinds:

a. Regular verbs = the same as the simple past tense. 

    Regular verbs require -ed in the simple past tense.

    (e.g if v2=talk so the v3=talked)

b. Irregular verb = depends on particular verb.

    Irregular verb do not take -ed in the simple past.

    For this verb, you must memorize the past participle form.

    But the simple past and the past participle forms are the same for certain verb 

    (e.g, teach, bring, have, send)

Usage 

1. The present perfect is used when the time period has not finished : I have seen three movies this week   (this week has not finish yet)
2. The present perfect is often used when the time is not mentioned :Gerry has failed his exam again
3. The present perfect is often used when the time is recent : Ikuko has just arrived in Victoria
4. The present perfect is often used with for and since : Greg has lived here for 20 years & Gref has lived here since 1978.

What do we talked about in PPT?

• Experience
• Change over time
• Accomplishments
• An uncompleted action you are expecting
• Multiple actions at different time